Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Uptake of nanoparticles labeled with coumarin into HUVEC cells depending on time ( A ) and fluorescence intensity-time graph of nanoparticles labeled with coumarin into HUVEC cells ( B ). For cellular uptake experiments, a two-way ANOVA was used to test the change of fluorescence intensity versus time (0.5, 2, 24 h). The data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3), normalized to cell numbers. A Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to calculate significant differences between groups (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Labeling, Fluorescence

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effects of aprepitant, doxorubicin, ERS-Apr, PLGA-Apr, ERS, and PLGA on HUVEC cells. Cell viability results obtained from cells treated with various concentrations over 24 and 48 h were used to draw cytotoxicity graphs. The data is presented as mean ± SD (n = 8) and statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (significant difference: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; no difference: p > 0.05 ns).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effects of SP concentrations on HUVEC cells. Cell viability data obtained from cells treated with various concentrations for both 24 and 48 h were utilized to draw the cytotoxicity graph. The data is presented as mean ± SD (n = 8) and underwent statistical evaluation using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (no significant difference: p > 0.05 ns).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell proliferation curves of HUVEC cells treated with different aprepitant, ERS-Apr, PLGA-Apr, ERS, PLGA, and doxorubicin concentrations (200, 100, and 10 μg/mL or nM) using the RTCA DP analysis system for 48 h ( A ). IC 50 values of the compounds at 24 h and 48 h were calculated based on cell proliferation data ( B ).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of different concentrations of aprepitant, ERS-Apr + M2c, and PLGA-Apr + M2c on HUVEC cell migration, either alone ( A ) or in M2c co-culture ( B ). The migration slope graphs illustrate the relationship between aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations applied in the presence or absence of M2c, plotted against 24-h cell index values in HUVEC cells. The graphs represent the mean ± standard deviation of CI data (n = 4). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons with post hoc Tukey tests. Results were categorized as follows: no difference (p > 0.05), significant difference compared to the control (*p < 0.05), and significant difference compared to the M2c group ( # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Migration, Co-Culture Assay, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphological migration analysis results. The 24- and 48-h impact of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr on HUVEC cell migration, both alone or in M2c co-culture, is visually presented ( A ) (objective: 10×). The slope graph is based on the immunofluorescence intensity measurement results obtained from morphological imaging ( B ). The graphs represent the mean ± standard deviation of immunofluorescence intensity data (n = 3). Statistical analysis for the 24- and 48-h data involved an independent one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey tests for multiple comparisons (no significant difference: p > 0.05; significant difference compared to control: **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001, significant difference compared to M2c group: #### p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Migration, Co-Culture Assay, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations on HUVEC cell invasion in M2c polarize macrophage co-culture ( A ). An invasion slope graph ( B ) was plotted for aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations applied in the presence of M2c, based on 24-h cell index values in HUVEC cells. The graphs represent mean ± standard deviation of cell index data (n = 4). Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test. No difference: p > 0.05; significant difference compared to the control: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001, significant difference compared to the M2c group: #### p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations in M2c co-culture on the HUVEC VEGFA and VEGFB gene expressions. The graph represents the mean ± standard deviation of normalized RT-PCR fold change data (n = 3). Statistical analysis was conducted independently for each gene using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test (significant difference compared to the control: ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Standard Deviation, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations in M2c co-culture on HUVEC VEGFR-2 protein levels (objective: 10X) ( A ). The slope graph drawn is based on immunofluorescence intensity measurement results obtained from morphological imaging ( B ). The graph represents the mean ± standard deviation of immunofluorescence intensity data (n = 3), normalized to cell numbers. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test for multiple comparisons (significant difference compared to control: ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hcy induced impaired autophagy, ER stress, and RAS in HUVECs. (a, b) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of autophagy, ER stress markers, and apoptosis protein abundance in the HUVECs of CTL and Hcy treatment at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. (c, d) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of AT1 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without valsartan. (e) Cell viability was assessed by CCK8 assay in Hcy-treat HUVECs with AT1 receptor blocker valsartan. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with the CTL group; # P < 0.05 compared with the Hcy group.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Quantitative Proteomics, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: Valsartan prevented Hcy-induced impaired autophagy and ERs in HUVECs. (a, b) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of LC3B, Beclin1, and p62 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs pretreated with or without valsartan. (c) Immunofluorescence of LC3B in Hcy-treated HUVECs pretreated with valsartan. Scale bars, 5 μ m. (d, e) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of BiP, IRE1 α , XBP1, ATF4, and CHOP protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without valsartan. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with the CTL group; # P < 0.05 compared with the Hcy group.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: Valsartan prevented Hcy-induced apoptosis in HUVECs. (a, b) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved-caspase 3 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without valsartan. (c) Representative photomicrographs of TUNEL staining the HUVECs in CTL, valsartan, Hcy, and Hcy+valsartan groups. (d, e) Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit in Hcy-treated HUVECs with valsartan. (f, g) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved-caspase 3 protein in Hcy pretreated HUVECs with or without valsartan. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with the CTL group; # P < 0.05 compared with the Hcy group.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Western Blot, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knockdown of AT1 receptor prevented Hcy-induced impaired autophagy, ER stress, and apoptosis in HUVECs. (a) Representative immunoblots analysis of AT1 protein in HUVECs transfected with AT1 siRNA. (b) Cell viability was assessed by CCK8 assay in Hcy-treat HUVEC cells with AT1 knockdown. (c, d) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of LC3B, Beclin1, and p62 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without AT1-siRNA. (e, f) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of BiP, IRE1 α , XBP1, ATF4, and CHOP protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without AT1-siRNA. (g, h) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved-caspase 3 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without AT1-siRNA. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with si-NC group; # P < 0.05 compared with Hcy+si-NC group.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Knockdown, Western Blot, Transfection, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: AT1 receptor-GSK3 β -mTOR signaling was involved in Hcy-induced HUVEC injury. (a, b) Representative immunoblots and densitometry ratio of p-GSK3 β /GSK3 β and p-mTOR/mTOR in Hcy-treated HUVECs pretreated with or without valsartan. (c, d) Representative immunoblots and densitometry ratio of p-GSK3 β /GSK3 β and p-mTOR/mTOR in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without AT1-siRNA. (e, f) Representative immunoblots and densitometry ratio of p-GSK3 β /GSK3 β and p-mTOR/mTOR in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without RO318820. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with CTL group; # P < 0.05 compared with Hcy group; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with si-NC group; # P < 0.05 compared with Hcy+si-NC group.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: GSK-3 β inhibitor TDZD-8 treatment reversed Hcy-induced impaired autophagy, ER stress, and apoptosis in HUVECs. (a, b) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of LC3B, Beclin1, and p62 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without TDZD-8. (c, d) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of BiP, IRE1 α , XBP1, ATF4, and CHOP protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without TDZD-8. (e, f) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved-caspase 3 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without TDZD-8. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with the CTL group; # P < 0.05 compared with the Hcy group.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: Autophagy inhibition by 3-MA and inhibition of ER stress by 4-PBA inhibited ER stress in HUVECs. (a, b) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of LC3B, Beclin1, p62, BiP, CHOP, Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved-caspase 3 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without valsartan or 3-MA. (c, d) Representative immunoblots and corresponding densitometry analysis of BiP, CHOP, Bax, Bcl2, and cleaved-caspase 3 protein in Hcy-treated HUVECs with or without 4-PBA. Data are shown as mean ± SEM; ∗ P < 0.05 compared with the CTL group; # P < 0.05 compared with the Hcy group.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Western Blot

Journal: Cardiovascular Therapeutics

Article Title: Valsartan Attenuated Homocysteine-Induced Impaired Autophagy and ER Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

doi: 10.1155/2023/8817431

Figure Lengend Snippet: A potential mechanism by which Hcy caused injury in HUVECs. Hcy-induced impaired autophagy and ER stress in HUVECs, which was associated with increased protein expression levels of AT1. AT1 block or silence improved autophagy and ER stress and attenuated apoptosis, at least partially, through suppressing GSK-3 β /mTOR signaling pathway in HUVEC cells. Hcy: homocysteine; AT1: angiotensin II type 1 receptor; TDZD-8: 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione.

Article Snippet: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines (CRL-1730) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA).

Techniques: Expressing, Blocking Assay

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Chitosan-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Induce Low Cytotoxicity and Low ROS Production in Primary Leucocytes, Independent of Their Proliferative Status

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070942

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effect of CH-AuNPs, HAuCl 4 , chitosan, and SC-AuNPs in non-cancer and cancer cells. ( A ) PBMCs were treated with different concentrations of CH-AuNPs, HAuCl 4 , chitosan, and SC-AuNPs (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μM) for 24 h. ( B ) HUVEC, ( C ) NIH3T3, and ( D ) A549 cells were treated as in ( A ). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The percentages refer to relative cell viability represented as percentage of control (non-treated cell viability = 100%). ( E ) Quantification of cell death by flow cytometry using annexin V (phosphatidylserine exposure analysis) and propidium iodide (membrane-permeability analysis) staining in PBMC, HUVEC, NIH3T3, A549, Jurkat, L5178Y-R, and CEM cells treated with different concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μM) of CH-AuNPs for 24 h. The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three different experiments.

Article Snippet: Non-small-cell lung cancer cells A549 (ATCC ® CCL-185TM), human umbilical vascular endothelial cells HUVEC (ATCC ® CRL-1730TM), murine embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3 (ATCC ® CRL-1658TM), human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells Jurkat Clone E6-1 (ATCC ® TIB-152TM), and CEM (ATCC ® CCL-119TM), and murine lymphoma cells L5178-R (ATCC ® CRL-1722TM) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and maintained under suggested conditions.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Control, Flow Cytometry, Membrane, Permeability, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Chitosan-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Induce Low Cytotoxicity and Low ROS Production in Primary Leucocytes, Independent of Their Proliferative Status

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070942

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROS production analysis in cancer and non-cancer cells upon CH-AuNP treatment. ( A ) Analysis (left) and quantification (right) of ROS (H 2 O 2 ) production by flow cytometry using DCFDA staining in non-cancer cells (HUVECs, PBMCs, and BMCs) and cancer cell lines (CEM and A549) treated with CH-AuNPs for 24 h. ( B ) Analysis (left) and quantification (right) of ROS (O 2 − ) production using DHE staining by flow cytometry in non-cancer cells (HUVEC cells, PBMC and BMC) and cancer cell lines (CEM and A549) upon CH-AuNP treatment for 24 h. The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three different experiments. NS = not significant.

Article Snippet: Non-small-cell lung cancer cells A549 (ATCC ® CCL-185TM), human umbilical vascular endothelial cells HUVEC (ATCC ® CRL-1730TM), murine embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3 (ATCC ® CRL-1658TM), human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells Jurkat Clone E6-1 (ATCC ® TIB-152TM), and CEM (ATCC ® CCL-119TM), and murine lymphoma cells L5178-R (ATCC ® CRL-1722TM) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and maintained under suggested conditions.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Chitosan-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Induce Low Cytotoxicity and Low ROS Production in Primary Leucocytes, Independent of Their Proliferative Status

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070942

Figure Lengend Snippet: ROS production analysis and implication in cell cycle and cell death in HUVECs, PBMCs and BMCs upon CH-AuNP treatment. ( A ) Analysis (left) and quantification (right) of ROS (H 2 O 2 ) production by flow cytometry using DCFDA staining and NAC as a ROS inhibitor in HUVECs, PBMCs, and BMCs treated with CH-AuNPs for 24 h. ( B ) Analysis (left) and quantification (right) of ROS (O 2 − ) production using DHE staining and NAC as a ROS inhibitor by flow cytometry in HUVECs, PBMCs, and BMCs upon CH-AuNP treatment for 24 h. ( C ) Quantification of cell-cycle analysis in HUVECs, PBMCs, and BMCs treated with CH-AuNPs and using NAC as a ROS inhibitor for 24 h. ( D ) Analysis (left) and quantification (right) of phosphatidyl serine exposure analysis by flow cytometry using annexin V-APC (AnnexinV) staining and NAC as a ROS inhibitor in HUVECs, PBMCs, and BMCs treated with CH-AuNPs for 24 h. The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three different experiments. NS = not significant.

Article Snippet: Non-small-cell lung cancer cells A549 (ATCC ® CCL-185TM), human umbilical vascular endothelial cells HUVEC (ATCC ® CRL-1730TM), murine embryonic fibroblasts NIH3T3 (ATCC ® CRL-1658TM), human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells Jurkat Clone E6-1 (ATCC ® TIB-152TM), and CEM (ATCC ® CCL-119TM), and murine lymphoma cells L5178-R (ATCC ® CRL-1722TM) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and maintained under suggested conditions.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Staining, Cell Cycle Assay, Standard Deviation