Journal: Cell Reports Medicine

Article Title: Restoring immune homeostasis in atherosclerotic plaques via inorganic violet phosphorus nano-immunotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2025.102528

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preparation, characterization, ROS scavenging, and biocompatibility of VPNS@P (A) Schematic of exfoliation and PEGylation of violet phosphorus (VP) to prepare VPNS@P from bulk VP. (B) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of VPNS@P. Scale bar, 100 nm. (C) Hydrodynamic size distribution of VPNS@P measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). (D and E) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) image (D) and thickness profile (E) of VPNS@P. Scale bar, 100 nm. (F) Raman scattering spectra of VPNS@P. (G) Time-course DLS measurements of VPNS@P incubated in PBS or DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) over 7 days ( n = 3 independent samples). (H–J) Scavenging capability of VPNS@P ( n = 5 independent samples) toward H 2 O 2 (H), ·OH (I), and O 2 ·− (J). (K–M) Biocompatibility of VPNS@P in vitro . Cell viabilities of RAW264.7 (K), mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVASs) (L), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (M) were examined with a CCK-8 assay ( n = 3 biologically independent samples). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with a Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test and are shown as the mean ± SD. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗ p < 0.0001. ns, not significant.

Article Snippet: Human: HUVEC umbilical vein endothelial cells , ATCC , CRL-1730; RRID: CVCL_2959.

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Microscopy, Incubation, In Vitro, CCK-8 Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Tumoral hypoxic extracellular vesicles create a protective microenvironment for triple-negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1101/2024.11.01.621519

Figure Lengend Snippet: A - Representative images of HUVEC (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in magenta) treated with PBS or EVh on a gelatin coating (gray), with degradation spots in black (scale bar: 50 µm). B – Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in individual HUVEC cultures. C – Cell circularity index for quantification of HUVEC morphology in individual culture. D - Tracking of HUVEC trajectory over 24h. E – Average track speed of cells in 24 h (µm/s). F - Total distance traveled by cells in 24 h (µm). G – Experimental design of the indirect co-culture assay, created in BioRender.com. H – Representative images of HUVEC (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in yellow; scale bar: 50 µm) in indirect co-culture with MDA-MB-231 (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in magenta; scale bar: 100 µm). I – Cell circularity index for quantification of HUVEC and MDA-MB-231 morphology in direct co-culture. J – Representative images of gelatin matrix (gray) with degradation spots identified by white arrows. K - MMP-2 detected by gelatin zymography and densitometry analysis to identify gelatinase activity in indirect co-culture. L – Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in indirect co-culture. M - Experimental design of the direct co-culture assay, created in BioRender.com. N – Representative images of HUVEC (cytoplasm in yellow) in direct co-culture with MDA-MB-231 (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in magenta) seeded atop a gelatin coating (gray) (scale bar: 100 µm). O - Cell circularity index for quantification of combined cell morphology in direct co-culture. P - Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in direct co-culture. Q – Cell viability of HUVEC and MDA-MB-231 direct co-culture. Assays were repeated on three different occasions with technical triplicates. p values indicated above comparative bars with statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Dermal fibroblasts HDFa (ATCC ® PCS-201-012 TM ) and umbilical cord endothelial cells HUVEC (ATCC ® CRL-1730 TM ) were maintained between passages 6 and 15 in DMEM 10% FBS 1% pen/strep at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Co-culture Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Zymography, Activity Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Tumoral hypoxic extracellular vesicles create a protective microenvironment for triple-negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1101/2024.11.01.621519

Figure Lengend Snippet: A - Representative images of HDFa (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in magenta) treated with PBS or EVh on a gelatin coating (gray), with degradation spots identified by white arrows (scale bar: 100 µm). B – Cell circularity index for quantification of HDFa morphology in individual culture. C - Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in individual HUVEC cultures. D – HDFa cell viability in individual culture. E - Tracking of HDFa trajectory over 24h. F – Average track speed of cells in 24 h (µm/s). G - Total distance traveled by cells in 24 h (µm). H – Representative images of HDFa (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in yellow; scale bar: 100 µm) in indirect co-culture with MDA-MB-231 (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in magenta; scale bar: 30 µm). I – Cell circularity index for quantification of HDFa and MDA-MB-231 morphology in indirect co-culture. J - Representative images of gelatin matrix (gray) with degradation spots identified by white arrows. K - Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in indirect co-culture. L – MMP-2 detected by gelatin zymography and densitometry analysis to identify gelatinase activity in indirect co-culture. M – Representative images of MDA-MB-231 (cytoplasm in yellow) in direct co-culture with HDFa (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in magenta) seeded atop a gelatin coating (gray) (scale bar: 100 µm). N - Cell circularity index for quantification of combined cell morphology in direct co-culture. O – Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in direct co-culture. Assays were repeated on three different occasions with technical triplicates. p values indicated above comparative bars with statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Dermal fibroblasts HDFa (ATCC ® PCS-201-012 TM ) and umbilical cord endothelial cells HUVEC (ATCC ® CRL-1730 TM ) were maintained between passages 6 and 15 in DMEM 10% FBS 1% pen/strep at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Zymography, Activity Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Tumoral hypoxic extracellular vesicles create a protective microenvironment for triple-negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1101/2024.11.01.621519

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – Experimental design of the multicellular circulating co-culture assay (MC-CC) using the QV500 system (Kirstall). B - Representative images of MC-CC chambers containing MDA-MB-231, HUVEC or HDFa treated with PBS or EVh. (scale bars: 30 µm and 50 µm). C - Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in the MC-CC MDA-MB-231 chamber. D – Band densitometry of MMP-2 detected by gelatin zymography from the MC-CC conditioned media. E,F – Cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 probed from the MC-CC conditioned media by ELISA. G,H – Relative fluorescence intensity of β-catenin and VEGFR2 in HUVEC, respectively. I,J – Relative fluorescence intensity of collagen II and III in HDFa, respectively. Assays were repeated on four different occasions with a single replicate. p values indicated above comparative bars with statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Dermal fibroblasts HDFa (ATCC ® PCS-201-012 TM ) and umbilical cord endothelial cells HUVEC (ATCC ® CRL-1730 TM ) were maintained between passages 6 and 15 in DMEM 10% FBS 1% pen/strep at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Co-culture Assay, Zymography, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Tumoral hypoxic extracellular vesicles create a protective microenvironment for triple-negative breast cancer

doi: 10.1101/2024.11.01.621519

Figure Lengend Snippet: A – Representative images of THP-1 (magenta, stained with CellTracker CMPTX) attachment to MDA-MB-231 MC-CC chambers (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in gray; scale bar: 30 µm). B - Representative images of THP-1 cells (magenta, stained with CellTrace CSFE) in direct co-culture with MDA-MB-231, HUVEC or HDFa (nuclei in cyan, F-actin in gray; scale bars: 50 µm). C - Cell circularity index for quantification of combined cell morphology in THP-1 direct co-culture with MDA-MB-231, HUVEC and HDFa. D – Quantification of degraded gelatin area (µm 2 ) in THP-1 direct co-culture with MDA-MB-231, HUVEC and HDFa. Assays were repeated on three different occasions with technical triplicates. p values indicated above comparative bars with statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Dermal fibroblasts HDFa (ATCC ® PCS-201-012 TM ) and umbilical cord endothelial cells HUVEC (ATCC ® CRL-1730 TM ) were maintained between passages 6 and 15 in DMEM 10% FBS 1% pen/strep at 37 °C, 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Staining, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Uptake of nanoparticles labeled with coumarin into HUVEC cells depending on time ( A ) and fluorescence intensity-time graph of nanoparticles labeled with coumarin into HUVEC cells ( B ). For cellular uptake experiments, a two-way ANOVA was used to test the change of fluorescence intensity versus time (0.5, 2, 24 h). The data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3), normalized to cell numbers. A Bonferroni post-hoc test was used to calculate significant differences between groups (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Labeling, Fluorescence

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effects of aprepitant, doxorubicin, ERS-Apr, PLGA-Apr, ERS, and PLGA on HUVEC cells. Cell viability results obtained from cells treated with various concentrations over 24 and 48 h were used to draw cytotoxicity graphs. The data is presented as mean ± SD (n = 8) and statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (significant difference: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; no difference: p > 0.05 ns).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effects of SP concentrations on HUVEC cells. Cell viability data obtained from cells treated with various concentrations for both 24 and 48 h were utilized to draw the cytotoxicity graph. The data is presented as mean ± SD (n = 8) and underwent statistical evaluation using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (no significant difference: p > 0.05 ns).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cell proliferation curves of HUVEC cells treated with different aprepitant, ERS-Apr, PLGA-Apr, ERS, PLGA, and doxorubicin concentrations (200, 100, and 10 μg/mL or nM) using the RTCA DP analysis system for 48 h ( A ). IC 50 values of the compounds at 24 h and 48 h were calculated based on cell proliferation data ( B ).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of different concentrations of aprepitant, ERS-Apr + M2c, and PLGA-Apr + M2c on HUVEC cell migration, either alone ( A ) or in M2c co-culture ( B ). The migration slope graphs illustrate the relationship between aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations applied in the presence or absence of M2c, plotted against 24-h cell index values in HUVEC cells. The graphs represent the mean ± standard deviation of CI data (n = 4). Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons with post hoc Tukey tests. Results were categorized as follows: no difference (p > 0.05), significant difference compared to the control (*p < 0.05), and significant difference compared to the M2c group ( # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Migration, Co-Culture Assay, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphological migration analysis results. The 24- and 48-h impact of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr on HUVEC cell migration, both alone or in M2c co-culture, is visually presented ( A ) (objective: 10×). The slope graph is based on the immunofluorescence intensity measurement results obtained from morphological imaging ( B ). The graphs represent the mean ± standard deviation of immunofluorescence intensity data (n = 3). Statistical analysis for the 24- and 48-h data involved an independent one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey tests for multiple comparisons (no significant difference: p > 0.05; significant difference compared to control: **p < 0.01 and ****p < 0.0001, significant difference compared to M2c group: #### p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Migration, Co-Culture Assay, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations on HUVEC cell invasion in M2c polarize macrophage co-culture ( A ). An invasion slope graph ( B ) was plotted for aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations applied in the presence of M2c, based on 24-h cell index values in HUVEC cells. The graphs represent mean ± standard deviation of cell index data (n = 4). Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test. No difference: p > 0.05; significant difference compared to the control: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001, significant difference compared to the M2c group: #### p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations in M2c co-culture on the HUVEC VEGFA and VEGFB gene expressions. The graph represents the mean ± standard deviation of normalized RT-PCR fold change data (n = 3). Statistical analysis was conducted independently for each gene using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test (significant difference compared to the control: ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Standard Deviation, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-70791-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of aprepitant, ERS-Apr, and PLGA-Apr concentrations in M2c co-culture on HUVEC VEGFR-2 protein levels (objective: 10X) ( A ). The slope graph drawn is based on immunofluorescence intensity measurement results obtained from morphological imaging ( B ). The graph represents the mean ± standard deviation of immunofluorescence intensity data (n = 3), normalized to cell numbers. Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test for multiple comparisons (significant difference compared to control: ****p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Human monocyte THP-1 (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), TIB-202) and human umbilical vein vascular endothelial HUVEC (ATCC, CRL-1730) cell lines were cultured in an incubator at 37 °C (5% CO 2, 95% humidity) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% penicillin/streptomycin containing RPMI-1640, and F12-K media, respectively.

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Rosiglitazone reduces diabetes angiopathy by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on regulating HSP22 expression

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106194

Figure Lengend Snippet: RSG inhibits hyperglycemia-induced endothelial activation and upregulates HSP22 expression in vitro (A) Cell viability was evaluated in cells in 96-well plates by a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) after treatment with NG, HG and HG + RSG for 24 h. (B) Cytotoxicity was measured in cells in 96-well plates by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release after treatment with NG, HG and HG + RSG for 24 h. (C) Representative images of the adhesion of primary human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to stimulated HUVECs. (D) Quantification of the monocyte adhesion assay. (E) mRNA expression of ICAM-1 was determined by qRT–PCR analysis. (F) Endothelial cell activation-related cytokines were examined by qRT–PCR analysis. (G) PPAR-γ and HSP22 protein expression levels were measured by Western blot analysis. (H) Quantification of PPAR-γ protein expression. (I) Quantification of HSP22 protein expression. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Mean ± SEM two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc. ∗ p< 0.05 HG group compared to NG group; # p< 0.05 HG group compared to HG + RSG group. Scale bar 100μm.

Article Snippet: human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) , ATCC , CRL-1730.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, In Vitro, Cell Counting, Cell Adhesion Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Control

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Rosiglitazone reduces diabetes angiopathy by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on regulating HSP22 expression

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106194

Figure Lengend Snippet: RSG inhibits hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in vitro (A) Quantification of mitochondrial superoxide levels in HUVECs by flow cytometry. (B) Representative images of MitoTracker Red staining showing the mitochondrial morphology and density in HUVECs (63× magnification). (C) Quantification of mitochondrial density in HUVECs. (D) Representative images of JC-1 immunochemistry staining showing the mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs (63× magnification). (E) Quantification of mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs. (F) mRNA expression of SOD2 was determined by RT–PCR analysis. (G) ATP levels were measured in cells in 96-well plates by an ATP Kit after treatment with NG, HG and HG + RSG for 24 h. Mean ± SEM two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc. ∗ p< 0.05 HG group compared to NG group; # p< 0.05 HG group compared to HG + RSG group. Scale bar 20μm.

Article Snippet: human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) , ATCC , CRL-1730.

Techniques: In Vitro, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Membrane, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Rosiglitazone reduces diabetes angiopathy by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on regulating HSP22 expression

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106194

Figure Lengend Snippet: RSG inhibits hyperglycemia-induced endothelial activation partially via HSP22 expression in vitro (A) PPAR-γ and HSP22 protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis. (B) Quantification of PPAR-γ protein expression. (C) Quantification of HSP22 protein expression. GAPDH was used as a loading control. (D) Cell viability was evaluated in cells in 96-well plates by CCK8 assay. (E) Cytotoxicity was measured in cells in 96-well plates by LDH release. (F) Representative images of the adhesion of PBMCs to stimulated HUVECs. (G) Quantification of the monocyte adhesion assay. (H) mRNA expression of ICAM-1 was determined by RT–PCR analysis. (I) Endothelial cell activation-related cytokines were examined by RT–PCR analysis. Mean ± SEM t tests. ∗ p< 0.05 HSP22 si + HG + RSG group compared to NC si + HG + RSG group. Scale bar 100μm.

Article Snippet: human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) , ATCC , CRL-1730.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, In Vitro, Western Blot, Control, CCK-8 Assay, Cell Adhesion Assay, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Rosiglitazone reduces diabetes angiopathy by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on regulating HSP22 expression

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106194

Figure Lengend Snippet: RSG inhibits hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in a manner partially dependent on HSP22 expression in vitro (A) Quantification of mitochondrial superoxide levels in HUVECs by flow cytometry. (B) Representative images of MitoTracker Red staining showing the mitochondrial morphology and density in HUVECs (63× magnification). (C) Quantification of mitochondrial density in HUVECs. (D) Representative images of JC-1 immunochemistry staining showing the mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs (63× magnification). (E) Quantification of mitochondrial membrane potential in HUVECs. (F) mRNA expression of SOD2 was determined by RT–PCR analysis. (G) ATP levels were measured in cells in 96-well plates by an ATP Kit after treatment with NG, HG and HG + RSG for 24 h. Mean ± SEM t tests. ∗ p< 0.05 HSP22 si + HG + RSG group compared to NC si + HG + RSG group. Scale bar 20μm.

Article Snippet: human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) , ATCC , CRL-1730.

Techniques: Expressing, In Vitro, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Membrane, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Rosiglitazone reduces diabetes angiopathy by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on regulating HSP22 expression

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106194

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) , ATCC , CRL-1730.

Techniques: Recombinant, CCK-8 Assay, Lysis, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, Sequencing, Software, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy